Environment
There are a number of environmental factors that affect photographs: temperature, relative humidity, air purity and light are the most important.
Temperature and Relative Humidity
Unsuitable temperature and relative humidity (RH) can cause or accelerate physical and chemical damage. Considerable research has been carried out into the optimum storage environment for photographs. This has resulted in a minimum standard of a physically safe range of parameters of temperature and RH for photographs, based on the physical stability of photographs with a gelatin binder. Within these parameters there are varying degrees of chemical stability. Within the physically safe RH range, photographs will not undergo irreversible physical changes e.g. cracking emulsions and flaking. This humidity range varies according to temperature, as shown in the following diagram.
© Mark H. McCormick Goodhart / Aardenburg Imaging & Archives
The importance of temperature and humidity control
The darker grey quadrant abcd defines the physically safe range of temperature and RH for photographs. Outside the quadrant, the dotted line shows the glass transition temperature (Tg) of gelatin, which varies according to RH. This is the temperature at which rapid image degradation is likely to occur. The diagonal contour lines (1-500) map relative chemical stability. If a photograph is stored in the environment defined by line 10 it will take 10 years longer to reach the same stage of chemical deterioration as a photograph stored in the environment defined by line 1. Lowering the RH within the quadrant at a fixed temperature will only increase the chemical stability by a factor of 2-3. However, lowering the temperature at a fixed RH can increase the chemical stability by a factor of more than 100. Therefore, the beneficial effect of dropping the temperature within the quadrant, as opposed to the relative humidity, even by a small amount, can clearly be seen.
There is considerable advantage to be gained by cold storage for more unstable material. Conservation heating The above graph has implications for the effectiveness of expenditure in designing storage. Initially it can be used to select a suitable level of chemical stability for a collection. This is dependent on what is already known about the stability of the particular photographic materials in the collection and how long the photographs need to be kept in an acceptable condition. Within the physically safe quadrant it is easier and more cost effective to achieve the desired chemical stability by allowing a relatively broad range of relative humidity and narrow range of temperature (within the physically safe quadrant). However, some historic buildings without air conditioning tend to be cool but damp, particularly in winter. In such buildings
Efficiency and Reliability
It is not all about temperature and humidity control, though. Efficiency and reliability also play an important role in the investment companies do choosing equipment for their HVAC system. Pharmaceutical companies, like any other company, need to make sure costs are contained. Since HVAC systems can have an important impact on energy expenditures, it is important to choose energy- efficient units.
We know value of customer time, value of product losses, breakdown time & system failure so we follow all the industrial standards and Guidelines as mentioned below :
- Sheet Metal & Air Conditioning contractors’ National Association (SMACNA)
- American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
- Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ISHRAE)
- National Building code of India (NBC)
We offering different type of systems to fulfill and type of Cleanroom classification like Air cooled chiller plant & AHU; Water cooled Chiller plant with AHU & Direct expansion plant with AHU.
Cleanroom Classification as per following :
| *** 14644-1 | FEDERAL STANDARD 209E | |
|---|---|---|
| ISO Class | English | Metric |
| *** 1 | - | - |
| ISO 2 | - | - |
| ISO 3 | 1 | M1.5 |
| ISO 4 | 10 | M2.5 |
| *** 5 | 100 | M3.5 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000 | M4.5 |
| ISO 7 | 10,000 | M5.5 |
| *** 8 | 100,000 | M6.5 |
| ISO 9 | ||